IMEKO Event Proceedings Search

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Matteo Lombardi
A Landscape Matrix: the EM tool and the via Appia

This paper approaches the application of the Extended Matrix Tool to a broader landscape context. The idea underpinning this research is that this tool has a great potential in de-structuring landscape complexities and bridging together specialists from different fields thanks to semantic modelling. The selected case study, the II mile of the via Appia, frames a multi-stratified scenario made of a combination of Roman funerary monuments, private villas, squatters, homeless and XVIII-XIX century casals. This case study offers the opportunity to test a workflow in which archaeological data and 3D visualisations could effectively enhance archaeological research as much as foster multidisciplinarity.

Eleonora Scopinaro, Simone Berto, Emanuel Demetrescu
A new section of the Extended Matrix methodology: Transformation Stratigraphic Unit (TSU)

This paper illustrates the preliminary results of an ongoing research concerning new investigative methods and tools useful to formalize transformative processes on built heritage, in a chronological perspective, through the study of surface alteration and degradation pathologies as Stratigraphic Units. This study aims at proposing a new section of the Extended Matrix (EM) method, composed of cutting-edge software solutions for managing and representing information, as a possible bridge between the archaeology of architecture, strictly connected to chronology, and the conservation science field of research, based on the surface analysis. The goal is to allow more accurate comparative analysis for conservative purposes and produce scientific-based reconstructive hypotheses. Present workflow, still being tested, is based on open-source tools, and is designed to be reproducible on any type of artifact according to FAIR principles.

Nicola Delbarba
Virtual Reconstruction as a Scientific Inquiry Tool: the Late Antique Wall of Aquileia (M2) Using the Extended Matrix

This paper focuses on the implementation of virtual reconstructions as a scientific research tool within the traditional workflow of universities. The case study revolves around the late Roman defensive wall of Aquileia, known as M2, in the city s Southeast sector, where the University of Verona conducts research. The paper demonstrates how virtual reconstruction serves as an additional instrument for researchers engaged in archaeological investigations, providing scientific inquiry and transparency in reconstruction models. The formal language known as Extended Matrix (CNR) is utilised in this project to enhance scientific mapping and transparency. It outlines the stages of study, including archaeological investigations, comparative and typological studies, and the virtual reconstruction using three-dimensional surveys, digital replicas, scientific back end through Extended Matrix, and photorealistic modeling. The study argues that virtual reconstruction can contribute to research, dissemination, and public archaeology activities, and it holds potential as an implemented tool in future research phases.

Anaïs Guillem, Antoine Gros, Abergel Violette, Livio De Luca
Reconstruction beyond Representation in Notre-Dame de Paris

Despite their aesthetic expressivity, realistic images of reconstructed pasts tend to withhold the scientific work of reconstruction and fail to provide scholarly reusable documentation. The contribution examines the operative role of (3D-)representations in the context of archaeological reconstruction. We propose a semiotic framework to look at reconstruction images. A semiotics’ analysis (aesthetic, technical and analytical attributes) of practical examples of reconstruction images from the Notre-Dame de Paris arch reconstruction shows that there is a double effect of compression in the reconstruction and its representation. To alleviate these compressions in discourse and meaning, we focus our effort on the argumentation patterns and the conflict of interpretations as foundations of reconstruction scholarship. If we consider the 3D-reconstruction not in its illustrative image of reconstruction, it becomes an inherent part of the reconstruction data. We demonstrate how the argumentation can tie together the visualizations and the reconstruction. The linking of representation and reconstruction is possible through consistent documentation practice using CIDOC CRM and CIDOC CRMinf to elicit the reasoning and the argumentation in the reconstruction process.

Marc Grellert, Markus Wacker, Jonas Bruschke, Wolfgang Stille, Daniel Beck
Documentation and Evaluation of Virtual Reconstructions

Virtual reconstructions have become widely established as communication and research tools in the context of architectural and urban studies. To make these reconstruction solutions more transparent and to allow for their assessment and recognition, it is of vital importance to document and evaluate the reconstruction processes. However, currently, such documentation, which would facilitate the scholarly analysis of the results, is only compiled in isolated cases. The DFG-funded project IDOVIR (Infrastructure for Documentation of Virtual Reconstructions) provides the community with an open, user-friendly platform (www.idovir.com) for documenting sources, reconstructions, and decisions quickly and economically. From variants and different evaluation schemes for reconstructions and sources, the versatile tool allows the user to indicate the plausibility and informational value of the sources and the reconstructions based on them.

Federica Bubola, Chiara Coletti, Eleonora Balliana, Claudia Cecamore, Claudio Parisi Presicce, Claudio Mazzoli
The diagnostic study of the plaster casts of the Trajan's Column in the Museum of Roman Civilisation (Rome)

In recent years, the control of the microclimate in museums has assumed a role of great importance. The deterioration process, defined as a result of progressive and cumulative material decay, depends on environmental variables and their changes. In particular, inappropriate temperature and relative humidity levels speed up the chemical and physical deterioration and may cause irreparable damage to cultural artefacts.
This research focuses on state of conservation assessment of 34 plaster casts of Trajan's Column of the Museum of Roman Civilisation and on the microclimate monitoring of the Room LI where they are conserved.

Lisa Vergelli, Francesca Frasca, Chiara Bertolin, Gabriele Favero, Anna Maria Siani
Cluster Analysis to identify Microclimate Patterns in a Multi-room Film Archive

This paper presents an objective methodology for clustering the indoor microclimate of a multi-room cinematographic archive housing climate-sensitive film materials. The proposed methodology was tested on a selected case study: an archive housing cellulose acetate films located in the Mediterranean area. A multivariate statistical approach (cluster analysis) was used to identify clusters of rooms from temperature and relative humidity observations recorded continuously in the archive’s storage rooms over a 7-month period. The outputs of this work led to a reduction from 26 rooms to four clusters representing four homogeneous microclimate patterns among the clustered rooms, reducing the time-consuming processing of large amounts of thermo-hygrometric data. The identified microclimate patterns allowed to target a number of rooms where to perform inspections, expedited in time but still objectively representative for all rooms, of the occurrence of the vinegar syndrome affecting cellulose acetate films and depending on thermo-hygrometric storage conditions.

Beatrice Bartolucci, Francesca Frasca, Chiara Bertolin, Gabriele Favero, Anna Maria Siani
Environmental tendency from the retrofit to current time: a case study in Rome, Italy

This contribution presents the analysis of environmental data collected over the 2016-2022 period in the Hall of the historic building of Villa Blanc in Rome, Italy, with ceiling and walls hardwood paneling. Data related to three different sub-periods (during the retrofit, after 1 and 5 years from the retrofit) were analyzed in detail. Based on the ASHRAE 2019 Guidelines, it was found that thermo-hygrometric data differ among the sub-periods (specifically in the years 2016-2017, data are outside the limits of the 5th-95th multi-year band), however there is no marked risk of mechanical damage and mold germination in the prestigious wood. Finally, water vapour mixing ratio and carbon dioxide concentrations were studied as indoor tracers. Since the water vapor mixing ratio remains fairly constant while carbon dioxide concentrations have more variability, e.g., it can be assumed that people (as CO2 source) may have a more visible effect than indoor/outdoor air exchanges.

Giulia Boccacci, Francesca Frasca, Chiara Bertolin, Claudio Chimenti, Erlend Lund, Tonje Dahlin Sæter, Anna Maria Siani
Indoor Climate Characterisation of the Quarantine Room of NTNU University Library

Archives, museums, libraries can have quarantine rooms as storage areas in which incoming collections are temporarily housed (i.e., from 2 weeks to 40 days). The purpose of the quarantine period is to control the object’ state in case of appearance of signs suggesting ongoing chemical and biological alteration, before being placed in conservation or exhibition spaces. Inappropriate thermo-hygrometric conditions of such spaces could negatively affect the conservation state of organic materials commonly stored in archives. In this paper, the indoor climate characterisation of a quarantine room, located in Dora I, Trondheim (Norway) is performed over a multi-year period to highlight changes which may have led to a rise in insects catches within the same area. The outcomes of an entomological and microclimate analysis within the room shows that no significant year-to-year variations was experienced in the indoor hygrothermal behaviour, and the peak of insects catches happened in July and August 2022. Preventive strategies are finally formulated to help in detecting the potentially infested objects and in minimizing the possibility of biological proliferation on artifacts.

Miriam Lamonaca
The Roman mosaic in the Nymphaeum of Villa Giulia in Rome. Characterization of the deteriogen agents and preliminary experimentation of eco-sustainable products

One of the current challenges facing restorers and conservators of cultural heritage is to ensure the right balance between treatment efficacy, long-term conservation and reduced environmental impact. Certain cases, such as that of the Nymphaeum of Villa Giulia in Rome, in which the three elements cross each other, sometimes making the balance very difficult. The Nymphaeum of Villa Giulia in Rome, designed by the architect Bartolomeo Ammannati in the mid-16th century, is characterized by a complex architectural apparatus and is enriched by refined decorations in stucco, stone materials and statuary.

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