A. E. Bonomo, M. Lezzerini, G. Prosser, A. Munnecke, R. Koch, G. Rizzo.
Matera building stones: chemical, mineralogical and petrophysical characterization of the calcarenite di gravina formation

Matera (Basilicata, southern Italy) was awarded the World Heritage Site status by the UNESCO since 1993, and has been named the European Capital of Culture in 2019. It is one of the most ancient towns in the world, whose historical centre was totally built by a weakly lithified and highly porous lower Pleistocene sedimentary building stone, known as Gravina Calcarenite. This easily workable rock was quarried since prehistoric times, and it was used for building different kinds of constructions from the rupestrian settlement to gorgeous historic palaces during the XVIII century. Calcarenite, however, can be an extremely heterogeneous building material depending on the composition of the particles and their characteristics. After a geological survey, it was possible to recognize two main varieties of this building stone, which were in turn subdivided into six lithofacies (corresponding to sub-typologies of building stones). As a first approach, we have characterized, in terms of building stone quality, six lithofacies: basal bioclastic calcarenite, calcirudite-microconglomerate lithofacies, lithoclastic calcarenite, large bivalve bioclastic calcarenite, rhodolith bioclastic calcarenite, and fine bioclastic calcarenite. We focused on the three typologies that were mainly used as building stone (lithoclastic calcarenite, large bivalve bioclastic calcarenite, and fine bioclastic calcarenite). Mineralogical, petrographical and petrophysical analyses have been carried out according to European standard rules to highlight the main characteristics of the different calcarenite types when used as building stones. These three lithofacies show different petrophysical behavior indicating that large bivalve calcarenite and lithoclastic calcarenite lithofacies have slightly different but characteristic mechanical properties related to the primary influence of grain composition, early cementation and micrite contents. Moreover, fine bioclastic calcarenite lithofacies results to be the worst building stone because it is intensely heterogeneous in porosity, cementation and general petrophysical features because of its intense bioturbation.

Andrea Aquino, Marco Lezzerini
Performance of consolidants in marble and sandstone from Tuscany: a comparison

The main goal of this preliminary study is to compare the effects of different consolidating materials on some marble and sandstone samples from Tuscany. The collected samples are divided into two groups, one of which underwent artificial weathering. A comparison on the physical properties before and after the application of the consolidating materials is given.

Maria Grazia D Urso, Valerio Manzari, Barbara Marana
Terrestrial laser-scanning point clouds for modeling masonry vaults

The paper addresses some issues related to the acquisition of points clouds by Terrestrial Laser-Scanning, TLS and their elaboration with the aim to create structural models of masonry vaults. This structural system, existing in several artifacts and historical buildings, presents the advantage of having a good static and functional behavior, reduced weight and good requisites of insulation and aesthetic quality. TLS technique is well suited for the survey of geometric forms of monumental complexes, often realized with very irregular materials and forms. As case-study we illustrate a geometric model of an ancient masonry church, having naves characterized by cross vaults, and its use as input values for a structural analysis based on the Thrust Network Analysis, TNA technique, a recently formulated methodology for studying the limit equilibrium of masonry vaults. As the numerical results show, the actual geometry of these structures significantly influences their safety degree.

Valeria Croce, Gabriella Caroti, Andrea Piemonte, Marco Giorgio Bevilacqua
Geomatics for Cultural Heritage conservation: integrated survey and 3D modeling

Purpose of this paper is to illustrate the contribution of geomatics studies in management and protection of Cultural Heritage assets. Architectural surveys, carried out by integrating traditional survey techniques with more innovative instruments, are fundamental to guide the different actors involved in conservation and restoration processes, as they allow them to get a complete and extensive knowledge of the survey object, at different levels of detail and scales of representation. The integration and elaboration of the different survey techniques are illustrated in this paper with reference to the case study of the Calci Charterhouse, unique for its historical, artistic and environmental value. Among the different studies that are performed based on integrated geomatics tools, an innovative application is here discussed, which refers to the generation of informative parametric models starting from point clouds acquired through survey, as the pipeline of a Scan-to-HBIM process.

Albert Casas, Pere Castanyer, Mahjoub Himi, Raul Lovera, Lluís Rivero, Marta Santos, Joaquim Tremoleda, Rubén García, Aritz Urruela
Effectiveness of electromagnetic conductivity mapping for delineating subsurface structures related to the Roman port of Emporiae

In this paper we present the results of a geophysical survey conducted using frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM). The geophysical survey is part of a wider archaeological research project designed to obtain conclusive evidences about the location the Roman harbour expected to be buried under alluvial sediments in the bay close to the remains from Greek and Roman times. A total of 3545 stations were recorded with a Geonics EM31 MK2 ground conductivity meter in two dipole configuration modes: horizontal and vertical dipoles. Apparent conductivity measurements were sampled every meter along lines. The results obtained in this study indicate that shallow electromagnetic induction is a very useful alternative for mapping the buried paleolandscape related to harbours and coastal plains laying over a high resistivity