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Page 184 of 977 Results 1831 - 1840 of 9762

Yu Gu, Chao Feng, Han Sheng Ye, Zhong Jun Han
Diagnosis Method of Vortex Flowmeter Based on IoT

Vortex flowmeter is widely used in various applications because it can measure a wide range of media. When the flowmeter fails, the traditional on-site trouble shooting method has the disadvantages of time-consuming and difficult to ascertain the cause due to the complexity of the field conditions.This paper presents a convenient diagnostic method based on the Internet of Things transmission technology, which consists of the hardware, server and website. The hardware is a vortex flowmeter itself, which is to respond to server-side requests and data feedback, the server-side is used for the information interaction between device-side and web-side and data processing, and the web-side is used for the interaction between human-computer. The server can automatically complete the abnormal checking of the flowmeter's settings. More importantly, it can perform the FFT transformation and feature analysis on the original signal of the vortex sensor. After trouble-shooting, a firmware package containing the corresponding solution can be selected to upgrade the firmware of the flow meter on site remotely. Before the flowmeter is delivered from the factory, all parameters will be saved in the cloud as backup. During the process of diagnosis , the original setting parameters are firstly found according to the serial number of the flowmeter, and then the server will one-to-one match the currently settings and the back up data. After matching, the discrepant parameters will be marked and the parameter modification commands will be sent automatically. After the parameter modification, the server will read the parameters again to ensure the correctness of the amendment. The server will pushes the info of successful amendment and the detailed information of the amendment to the web after the amendment is completed, and the web will shows the specific reasons for the failure. If there is no problem with the parameter setting, the original signal of the vortex sensor is to be obtained, and the server will perform FFT transformation on the acquired time domain signal to obtain the amplitude spectrum, and completes the statistical analysis of the frequency variance and the high frequency component. The server will cross check the abnormal data template with the signal characteristics and the corresponding firmware package is automatically upgraded according to the matching result. After the diagnosis is completed, the field data is saved to improve and enrich the template data. The method presented in this paper offers a simple and intuitive human-computer interaction, and diagnose a vortex flow meter accurately and swiftly to reduce the maintenance cost of the flowmeter.

Sheikh Nasiruddin, S N Singh, S V Veeravalli, S Hegde
Effect of Reynolds number and Boundary Layer Thickness on the Performance of V-cone Flowmeter using CFD

The effect of Reynolds number and boundary layer thickness on the performance of V-cone flowmeter has been evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The shear stress transport k-ω (SST k-ω) turbulence model has been adopted for closure. The performance of two V-cone flowmeters with different beta ratios (β) viz., 0.6 and 0.7 for a fixed vertex angle (φ) of 60° has been analysed as a function of Reynolds number (Re). The results show that the coefficient of discharge (Cd) increases with Reynolds number in the laminar and transition flow regimes whereas it is nearly constant in turbulent flow regime. From the results, it can be concluded that Cd is independent of Re for values equal to 4000 and beyond. Further, it is also seen that the performance of the V-cone flowmeter is not affected by the upstream boundary layer thickness if the velocity profiles having different boundary layer thickness are extracted from an axial distance of 10D and more are fed at 5D upstream of the meter. However, the meter is sensitive to the extracted velocity profile from an axial distance of 5D and uniform velocity profile being fed at 5D upstream. The value of Cd may be sensitive as a result of the pressure variation due to the obstruction.

M. de Huu, M. Tschannen, H. Bissig
Design of gravimetric primary standards for field testing of hydrogen refuelling stations

The Federal Institute of Metrology METAS developed a Hydrogen Field Test Standard (HFTS) that can be used for field verification and calibration of hydrogen refuelling stations. The testing method is based on the gravimetric principle. The experimental design of the HFTS as well as the description of the method are presented here. The HFTS has been tested at METAS with nitrogen gas at -40°C to mimic a refuelling process in the field. Laboratory tests have shown that icing on the pipes of the HFTS have a non-negligible impact on the results. The major uncertainty components have been identified and assigned values. The required expanded uncertainty of 0.3% could be achieved. A detailed uncertainty budget has been presented and shows that the scale is the largest contributor; buoyancy corrections only play a minor role. For the lowest uncertainty measurements, appropriate waiting times or cleaning methods to get rid of icing are required.

Kazuto Kawakita, Valmir Ruiz, Cezar Augusto Gonçalves, Marcos Teruya, William Escaletti dos Anjos
Bilateral Comparison in the Calibration of Atmospheric Tank Provers by Volumetric and Gravimetric Methods

Calibration of liquid quantity meters may be carried out volumetrically by collecting a known volume of liquid in a standard vessel. In this volumetric method, the standard vessel often known as atmospheric tank prover takes the form of a container with a calibrated volume. In its turn, calibration of the tank prover volume can be carried out by weighing the water contained in the vessel, or carried out using smaller volumetric measures which are themselves traceable to national standards by weighing methods. This paper presents a bilateral interlaboratory comparison in the calibration service of atmospheric tank provers carried out by Institute for Technological Research of the State of Sao Paulo (IPT) and Weights and Measures Institute of the State of São Paulo (IPEM-SP). The main objectives of the comparison were to validate the calibration results of two accredited laboratories and to comply with the requirements established by the accreditation standards regarding the participation of calibration laboratories in proficiency tests. Another important objective was to evaluate the comparability of the calibration methods used by the laboratories. IPT used the gravimetric weighting method and IPEM-SP used the volumetric method. The performances of the laboratories in the calibrations were quite satisfactory for both atmospheric tank provers used in the comparison. The normalized errors obtained were between 0.08 and 0.15 for the 20 L tank prover and 0.05 to 0.22 for the 1 000 L tank prover, indicating a very satisfactory comparability between the two calibration methods.

M. Dai, C. Zou, R. Liu, Y. Feng, W. Deng, L.J. Huang
Gas Cylinder Meter with Cloud Data Management

A thermal mass flow meter with micromachined sensing elements is designed and manufactured to address the accurate gas consumption, remote data and connectivity of gas cylinders in particular for medical, food and fuel supply industries. The designed flow meter has a rugged and compact enclosure whereas the flow dynamic range is over 100:1 with the mass flow totalizer capability. Verification of the metrology properties of this design was performed with a precise scale which weighted the gas consumption directly from the weight loss of the cylinder during usage, and compared to the totalized mass flow measured by the meter. The data transmission is realized via a Bluetooth and a smart device APP, or with a 3G/4G network or a NB-IoT or similar wireless network. For the grouped gas cylinders, the meter could also register each cylinder before usage or via a programmed consecutive register alert that can be timely sent to the end user. The data relayed to the cloud via the smart device/APP or a concentrator enable the gas cylinder user and suppliers to instantly access the cylinder status. The system enables the effective management of the gas cylinder manufacture, inventory and delivery. It also provides added value services to the end user who shall be timely notified for any programmed gas consumption.

L. J. Huang
Gas Flow Meters with Thermal Time-of-Flight Technology

The thermal mass flow meters based on the calorimetry for utility gas metering have been recently deployed in a few countries and in a fast growth, but several technical issues including the compliance with the existing tariff standards have also been under scrutiny which prevents the desired massive installation. In this paper, we present a new utility gas meter with the thermal time-of-flight sensing technology that can simultaneously measure the mass flow rate, flow velocity, gas pressure, temperature and gas composition variations with the state-of-the-art electronics. These values can be further relayed to the thermal values of the measured gases providing the possibility for the future metrology and tariffs as well as the energy management of the distribution of the city gas. The multi-parameter data acquired from the integrated sensing elements on the other hand challenge the conventional verification process specially when the cost-effectiveness is also critical for the applications. The current meter design with integrated data output, which employs the multi-parameter acquisition and signal modulation, is substantially different from the traditional flow meter for which the metrology standard is normally having a single parameter standard being referenced. The meter also has an integrated harvester that can convert the flow energy induced temperature gradient into electrical energy that can be used for powering the flow measurement.

M. D. Schakel, M. P. van der Beek, Ilko Rahneberg, Jan Schleichert, Tobias Einenkel, Norbert Rogge, Thomas Fröhlich
Improvements to the Primary LNG Mass Flow Standard

In 2013 LNG mass flow meters were traceably calibrated by the gravimetric primary LNG mass flow standard with an estimated Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC) of 0.12% to 0.15%. Dominant uncertainty sources included the uncertainty associated with the correction for so-called parasitic forces. Modifications to the primary standard were made with the objective to reduce the measurement uncertainty associated with the parasitic forces. A Level Compensation System (LCS) was installed to control the level of the weighing vessel during the weighing process. Several experiments were performed, and the results analysed. It was demonstrated that the LCS has the potential to reduce the measurement uncertainty associated with the parasitic forces. An alternative method to reduce parasitic forces was made possible by the installation of a drybreak coupling. Future activities will aim to provide a proof of principle of the improvements due to the LCS and the dry-break coupling when using liquid medium (e.g., LNG) in the weighing process.

M.D. Schakel, O. Kerkhof, M.P. van der Beek, P. van den Herik, R. van Hof, P. Lucas, S. Wulffers
LNG Mid-Scale Loop flow metering – Preliminary Test Results

The LNG Mid-Scale Loop (MSL) has been taken into use in 2019. Instead of making use of surrogate fluids, the facility will be able to perform calibrations with cryogenic liquid directly, and under actual operating conditions. Consequently, insight on surrogate-fluid calibration transferability will be obtained. The Cryogenic Research and Calibration facility allows for metrologically traceable cryogenic flow meter calibrations. At the time of writing, calibrations with liquid nitrogen (LiN) can be performed. By performing traceable calibrations with cryogenic liquids directly, market confidence in LNG custody transfer will be established which in turn allows the uptake of LNG on a larger scale. Notably, in addition to economic benefits of using LNG, the use of LNG as a transport fuel for trucks and ships has considerable environmental benefits. The Cryogenic Research and Calibration facility is based on a closed-loop system where cryogenic liquid is circulated. The cryogenic primary mass flow standard (PSL) is fully integrated into the facility. The target maximum flow rate of the facility is 200 m³/h. A metrologically traceable LNG composition primary standard allows to calibrate alternative composition measurement systems. Thus, the facility provides the means to traceably calibrate flow meter and composition measurement systems with cryogenic liquid directly, which in turn allows the calibration of systems for measuring the quantity of LNG-energy transferred. This article will describe the facility, it’s operating principles, preliminary test-results, and future plans. The facility allows for systematic research into flow meter performance in varied circumstances, such as the effects of flow-meter insulation, (upstream) flow disturbances, and multiphase flow. Prototypes and models of cryogenic flow meters can be tested and calibrated in a metrologically traceable manner.

Akio Ito, Hiromasa Takiguchi, Aya Morokata, Vince Cisar
Flow Measurement Turn Down Analysis for DP Flow Meter using Multiple Multivariable Transmitters

We conducted differential pressure (DP) flow meter calibration at CEESI and observed that the combined linearity of VERIS Accelabar® flow primary element and Yokogawa EJX910 multivariable transmitter DP measurement indicated excellent performance. The observation result was that linearity with reference flow rate was 0.5% with 15:1 turndown for the EJX910 H range with the 4” VERIS Accelabar® during the 800 psia air test. EJX910 has also L range and we show that adding L range, flow measurement turndown will be increased beyond 15:1 until 20:1. Firstly we show flow rate equation and uncertainty of the combined flow meter. We assume that VERIS Accelabar® flow uncertainty contribution is 0.5% with 20:1 turndown derived by previous experiments. Also, we assume the density contribution as 0.1%. Then, EJX910 L range DP uncertainty at 20:1 turndown point is analysed. With assumption of using L range data tested at the factory, DP measurement uncertainty including reference accuracy and static pressure (SP) span effects is assumed as 0.24%. Flow uncertainty is calculated as 0.52%, which is almost 0.5%. EJX910 is designed with multisensing capabilities using built-in silicon resonant sensor technology. EJX910 dynamically & continuously minimizes the effect of SP fluctuation with two resonators incorporated into one sensor tip and provides precise DP measurement. This shows that EJX910 has an advantage of low DP measurement under high SP condition. This indicates the latest progress of DP flow meter technology and the DP flow meter has still big potential for use in industry widely.

Chao Chen, Jin Song, Yiping Liu, Jinchuan Wu
Molten salt flow calibration facility by dynamic weighing method base on argon pressure balance principle

Thorium-based molten salt has the characteristics of high temperature, low pressure, high chemical stability and high heat capacity, which can be used as coolant for the molten salt reactor. The hightemperature molten salt flow meters need to measure, display and record the flow parameters in the reactor of molten salt circuit, and monitor the operating conditions of the molten salt reactor equipment, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the reactor. However, there is no good calibration method for the high-temperature molten salt flow meter in China.
We have established high-temperature molten salt flow calibration facility by dynamic weighing method base on argon pressure balance principle. The flow range is (1～30) m³/h, and the operating temperature range is from 600°C to 650 °C. The expanded uncertainty is Urel=1.3% (k = 2). The calibration facility has the characteristics of using less amount of molten salt, fast response and stable temperature. The configuration of the facility, working principle, main technical specification, data processing methods and uncertainty evaluation are described in this paper. High-temperature molten salt flowmeter of DN25-DN50 can be calibrated in the facility，the traceability problem of the high-temperature molten salt flowmeters can be solved.

Page 184 of 977 Results 1831 - 1840 of 9762