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Maria Ricciardi, Concetta Pironti, Oriana Motta
Chemical and isotopic investigations on the deterioration of the Monumental Complex of S. Pietro in Corte in Salerno (Italy) caused by the rising waters.

Two important streams are visible in the upper part of the city of Salerno (Italy), which are buried under the city, feeding the underground aquifer of the historic center. Until the beginning of the last century, this water was collected with wells present in churches and convents and fed mills, fountains, wash houses, thermae, and balnea. The most important testimony of the Roman period is the frigidarium discovered seven meters below the palatine chapel of Prince Arechi in 1970. In the underground area, frescoes from an early Christian church have also been brought to light. In the upper part of the underground area up to above street level, the formation of saltpetre efflorescence is observed. In this work, the plausible origin of these efflorescences was investigated through the isotopic determination of nitrogen. Moreover, through the chemical analysis of waters, which of the two main streams (the Rafastia and the Fusandola) fed the ancient frigidarium was identified.

José Santiago Pozo-Antonio, Carolina Cardell, Valeria Comite, Paola Fermo
Black crusts grown on varied stone substrata from historical buildings under different air quality scenarios (SE and NW Spain)

This work addresses the characterization of black crusts (BCs) collected from stones of different nature, i.e. granite and carbonate stones (limestone, marble and travertine) taken from diverse historical buildings located in NW (Vigo) and SE (Granada) Spain subjected to dissimilar environmental and air quality scenarios. Likewise, filters located adjacent to the sampling areas were analyzed to evaluate particle dry deposition components in order to assess the ambient air quality of the selected buildings and its impact on the growth of BCs (natural passive pollutants markers). To this end an array of complementary analytical techniques was used, i.e.: Stereomicroscopy (SM), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HRSEM-EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Concetta Pironti, Maria Ricciardi, Antonio Proto
Correlation of indoor air quality and stable carbon isotope ratio of CO2 in historical monuments of Italy: a case study

Conservators and curators pay much attention to the variability of microclimate conditions, contaminations, air pollution, and the influence of visitors on the damage of museums since atmospheric and gaseous pollutants could affect the conservation of cultural heritage. This work has regarded the monitoring of indoor air quality to evaluate the effects of environmental pollution in the field of cultural heritage. In particular, two different archaeological places were analysed: Fruscione Palace and S. Pietro a Corte in Salerno, Italy. The work focused on the influence of tourists on environmental pollution correlated to indoor air quality during many social and cultural events. Moreover, it was also analysed the possible use of the carbon isotope composition of CO2 as a tool for environmental studies in the field of cultural heritage. The results showed a good correlation between the isotopic composition of CO2 and the variation of pollutants concentration in the air, demonstrating that it is a valid tool and non-invasive marker to monitor environmental pollution of museums and cultural heritage.

Eleonora Pargoletti, Valeria Comite, Valentina Sabatini, Paola Fermo, Marco Aldo Ortenzi, Hermes Farina, Giuseppe Cappelletti
An Innovative Fluorinated Polyacrylic Coating for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage

A novel water-repellent methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based resin was prepared via free radical polymerization adopting 1H,1H-heptafluoro-n-butyl methacrylate (F7) as co-monomer at 1% mol/mol. Both macromolecular and wettability features of the assynthesized polymeric resin were finely studied. Subsequently, it was easily applied by air-brushing on Candoglia marble, a widely used substrate in historical buildings. Hydrophobic properties, water capillary rise and vapor permeability alongside with color variation assessment of coated marbles were investigated both before and after outdoor exposure in a real polluted environment (Monza Cathedral). This work highlights that a polymeric protective prepared from a comonomer bearing a medium-length (seven fluorine atoms) fluorinated pendant chain is characterized by satisfactory hydrophobic and durability features to be potentially applied for the preservation of the Cultural Heritage.

L. Vigorelli, A. Lo Giudice, T. Cavaleri, P. Buscaglia, M. Nervo, P. Del Vesco, M. Borla, S. Grassini, A. Re
Upgrade of the x-ray imaging set-up at CCR La Venaria Reale: the case study of an Egyptian wooden statuette

X-ray based imaging techniques (digital radiography and computed tomography) are widely used in the field of Cultural Heritage and beyond, above all thanks to their non-invasiveness. The high penetrating power of X-rays allows us to investigate the internal structure of the analysed objects, thus obtaining valuable information related to the history of artistic and archaeological finds. In particular, CT provides data that are more significant when objects with a not negligible volume are studied. Even the use of advanced instruments can help having better final data from which getting more information. In this paper, we will show the case study of an Ancient Egyptian wooden statuette representing a bearer, for which an upgraded version of the X-ray imaging apparatus located in the Centro Conservazione e Restauro La Venaria Reale (CCR) was used for the first time. Thanks to this, much information on the technique of execution was obtained, especially from the tomographic analysis.

Margherita Antolini
Operational methodology for a historical, critical and virtual reconstruction of Baroque ephemeral apparatuses.

This paper aims to use Marcello Fagiolo and Maurizio Fagiolo dall'Arco's research as a starting point for developing a methodology of study of Ephemeral artefacts that takes into consideration all the different aspects of the specific art form that is Ephemeral Baroque Architecture. Through the study of the social and artistic characteristics of this art form, the analysis of a wide range of case studies will help defining some common and recurring features, especially regarding available data (engravings, paintings, manuscripts, ...). The main goal of the research will be to outline a methodology of approach to the single cases based on reconstruction from text and graphic data, with special attention reserved to the relationship between the ephemeral apparatus and the surrounding urban space.

Sara Mazzocato, Giacomo Marchioro, Alessandra Menegazzi, Claudia Daffara
Optical micro-profilometry for surface analysis and 3D printed replica of archeological artefacts

In this paper we present the potentialities of the conoscopic holography sensors for surface analysis of archeological artifacts with a micrometric resolution. The modularity and the portability of the developed setup allow to work in situ with a multiscale and multi-material approach. Moreover, we developed our own tools for creating a mesh from the 2D-arrays of distances collected with the consequent possibility of printing a replica of the artwork using 3D printing technologies. We test the microprofilometer on two case studies: a fragment of an archeological amphora, presenting also the workflow to obtain the 3D printed object, and an Etruscan bronze mirror, analyzing the surface.

Germano Germanò
The Roman bridge of Canosa di Puglia: a metrological approach

The Roman bridge of Canosa (Southern Italy) was built in the 2nd century A.D. to cross the Ofanto river along the Via Traiana, the route that connected Rome with the port of Brindisi, on the Adriatic Sea. Over the centuries, architectural transformations have deeply altered the original structure, making it lose the traces of the monumental central arch. A metrological approach in the study of the monument has proven to be essential to formulate hypotheses about the original configuration of the bridge and to include its central span as one of the longest among the bridges of the Roman age.

Giampaolo Piga, Fabio Cavalli, Dario Innocenti, Eugénia Cunha, Stefano Enzo, David Gonçalves
Differences between archaeological and forensic burned samples using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ATR-IR spectrometry

In this study, 105 human samples (46 crematoriums, 37 from controlled experiments and 22 archaeological cremations) were analyzed using Xray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (ATR-IR) to highlight possible chemico- physical differences, in terms of mineralogical phases, crystallinity and spectral properties.

Andrea Perez, Fabio Santaniello, Stefano Grimaldi, Stefano Gialanella
Distinguishing colour alteration processes occurred in Late Pleistocene animal remains.

The study of the usage of fire in a prehistorical group of hominids is extremely important because it outlines and sheds light on their social-economical behaviours. For this reason, studying burned specimens is interesting to identify some of the activities conducted by the inhabitants of that particular the site. Although colour changes associated with material heating may provide a first indication of a pyrotechnological process, the conclusions may sometimes be misleading. With the present paper we propose the study of animal bones from the late Mousterian-Aurignatian archaeological site of Riparo Mochi (Ventimiglia, Italy) with the deliberate aim to identify burned specimens. The approach is based on a combination of FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDXS analyses, providing a comprehensive picture of the molecular and microstructural modifications brought about by the thermal treatments, rather than by the natural diagenesis.

Page 127 of 977 Results 1261 - 1270 of 9762